Clark, 1994

From Eduwiki

Here we have a man named Clark, visiting WallyWorld.

• Clark begins citing studies to back up his points. (I bet those were fun to read.)
• He then summarizes his previous points.

"...media are mere vehicles...", "media attributes",

• "We must always choose the least expensive way to achieve a learning goal."

• The "replaceability test", Clark mentions, backs up his stance, as media can be replaced with something of a chaeper variety to achieve the same outcome.

• The method of instruction delivers the information and Clark, somehow does not see, that technology lends instructors many methods for their disposal.

• Media does not create or assist in the learning, rather, it is the students beliefs and expectations that allow technology to assist in the learning process.

• Clark uses a bad example to outline the usual uses of computers and their causing confusion mixed with the happy world of textbooks and their infinite superiority.

• Clark sounds like a girl when he accuses Kulik fo using a "catchy phrase" and implies technology, namely the use of computers in instruction, is "catchy". We should live in the "now".

• Kozma agrees with Clark that studies don't necessarily provide irrefuteable evidence that media provides learning increases. (splitting hairs)

"The concepts of necessary and sufficient are similar to the concepts of structural and surface features in research on the role of analogies in transfer during problem solving."

• "Media research is a triumph of enthusiasm over substantive examination of stuctural processes in learning and instruction."

Method provision of congnitive processes or strategies that are necessary for learning but which students can not or will not provide for themselves. Clark states that we can use any media to achieve the above with results.

Can the method or media that causes learning be achieved by a lesser and cheaper option?